FOOTNOTES:

^a Traditionally, ‘intercessions.’ The word includes meeting with someone to advocate for another but is more general, referring to many reasons for coming together and speaking with someone.

^b Or ‘who are connected with high status’ or ‘who are connected with excess’

^c Traditionally, ‘peaceful’ here, heremos refers to tranquility and quiet serenity, in contrast with eirene which is the more common word for ‘peace’ which refers to peace in the sense of harmony, solidarity, unity.

^d Traditionally, ‘quiet.’ While ‘quiet’ is one possible way to translate hesuchios, the core meaning has to do with stillness, being undisturbed.

^e Traditionally, ‘all godliness.’ While the word eusebeia was often used to refer to reverence for a deity, it was not limited to that context and included other senses of treating people with respect, including examples of directing it toward one’s parents and toward one’s wife.

^f Or ‘good’ or ‘appealing’ or ‘pleasant’ or ‘attractive’ or ‘likeable’ or ‘beautiful’ or ‘agreeable’

^g Or ‘approved’ or ‘acceptable’ or ‘validated’ or ‘affirmed’

^h Traditionally, ‘savior,’ which is not wrong but can be misleading in the context of historical usages of the word ‘savior.’

ⁱ Traditionally, ‘as a ransom for many.’ The word antilutron, means ‘payment paid for an enslaved person’ and is traditionally translated ‘ransom’ as a shorter term. It literally refers to the price paid at a slave sale to transfer ownership. Christ not only pays this price but then immediately liberates those in view.

^j Or ‘principled hands’ or ‘ethical hands’ or ‘humane hands.’ Traditionally, ‘holy hands.’

^k The word ‘dress’ does not appear in the verse in Greek. The word translated here as ‘arrange’ is often translated as apparel, which is technically a possible translation but is not the point being made here. It is the same word translated as ‘self-regulated’ in 1 Timothy 3:2.

^l Traditionally, ‘modesty.’ This word has nothing to do with dressing sensually, showing too much skin or body curves. It has to do with not dressing in expensive or elaborate ways that demonstrated wealth or high social status.

^m Or ‘temperance,’ or ‘moderation,’ or ‘reasonableness.’

ⁿ Traditionally, this is translated as ‘braided hair.’ However, the word ‘hair’ is not present in the Greek. The word means ‘plaited’ or ‘woven’ or ‘braided,’ and there are no manuscripts available that use the word with hair. The only assumed time it is thought to be used with hair is this verse. It is possible it refers to hair since the context here is about extravagance and displays of wealth and status (not seductive beauty displays). It is perhaps more likely that it is referring to expensive fabrics such as lace or woven jewelry. Whatever the writer had in mind, it is about not flaunting wealth and power as a way to assert dominance over others.

^o Traditionally, ‘good,’ this word almost always carries a sense of being beneficial to others in some way.

^p Or ‘be a disciple/student’

^q Traditionally, ‘in quiet.’ While ‘quiet’ is one possible way to translate hesuchios, the core meaning has to do with stillness, being undisturbed.

^r While ‘allow’ is one possible meaning of epitrepo, the primary definition has to do with directing or instructing someone to do something, especially something different than they were doing or to take over something that someone else was doing previously.

^s Traditionally—and incorrectly—‘have authority over.’ This word, authentein, occurs only once in the Bible. It did not carry the meaning of ‘have authority over’ until three centuries after this was written. In this time period, it could mean ‘to seize authority’ or ‘to dominate.’ It mean to claim dominance over someone, to subjugate them.

^t Traditionally, ‘in quiet.’ While ‘quiet’ is one possible way to translate hesuchios, the core meaning has to do with stillness, being undisturbed.

^u ‘Adam’ (Adam) is the word for ‘human’ in Hebrew.

^v ‘Eve’ (Chavah) means ‘life giver’ in Hebrew. “Adam named his woman Eve because she was the mother of all the living” (Genesis 3:20).

^w Or ‘deceived’ or ‘cheated’ or ‘frustrated’ or ‘disappointed’

^x This wording here is directly communicating that she was a victim in the situation in contrast with Adam who deviated with full understanding of what he was doing.

^y There is no word here in the Greek. It is an implied subject in the form of the verb. It is 3rd person singular but does not specify gender or who the subject is. English requires something to be supplied, and Eve seems to be the most likely antecedent.

^z Traditionally, ‘saved.’ This word has several ways it can be translated, including ‘liberated,’ ‘restored,’ ‘healed,’ ‘protected,’ ‘rescued,’ and ‘saved.’

^aa Or ‘through childbearing,’ but it is specifically the fact of having born children, not the labor process.

^bb ‘They’ mostly likely refers to those descended from Eve.

^cc Another possible interpretation and translation of this sentence include translating it as ‘through the birth of a child’ referring to Jesus, which would see it as a fulfillment of Genesis 3:14-15, as part of the declaration of hardship over the snake, the one who tricked Eve. Another one is that the subject of the verb ‘will be liberated’ which is only implied and not named explicitly would best be supplied as ‘anyone,’ again taking the childbirth to be about Jesus, and all the people who qualify as ‘anyone’—that would be ‘everyone’—are the ‘they’ who persist.

^dd Traditionally, ‘holiness.’